Samuel French Inc. Play Publishing Company

Samuel French has been in the play publishing business since 1830. Like many publishing houses, Samuel French Ltd. has a long, rich history. Today, they are renowned for their enormous catalog of highly successful plays, both modern and classic. Target Market Samuel French has several target markets. Most of their income is generated from high school and junior high school performances. However, they also cater to community, regional, and off-Broadway theater. Basically, if you’ve ever been involved in a school play, there is an excellent chance the script was purchased from Samuel French. Resources for Performers Though much of the company’s income comes from royalties, Samuel French also sells acting manuals, stage-tech guides, and monologue/scene anthologies. Singers and musicians can order selections from such musicals as Grease, Chicago, and Fiddler on the Roof. Also, they vend a tremendous assortment of dialects on tape and/or CD. If you have been longing to speak like an 18th century Scotsman, your search is over. Playwright Submissions Interested in publishing your play with Samuel French? Check out their submission guidelines. On the one hand, they are a terrific company for playwrights. They have a highly respected reputation, a wide-scale distribution, and in most circles, they are considered the top-notch publishing house for stage plays. However, the editors are looking for plays that have been successfully produced at an established theater. This makes it difficult for brand new writers. Make certain you send along published reviews of your script, the more prominent the newspaper, the better your chances. Royalties and Script Fees To use a Samuel French show, the average royalty runs around $75 a performance. The more popular shows might cost as much as $150 per show. Individual scripts run about $8. However, drama teachers and artistic directors should be aware that some of their plays come with restrictions. For example, the popular comedy Noises Off comes with lots of strings attached. If your theater is not the right size and does not possess certain qualifications, Samuel French may not grant your request. Large Selection of Plays and Musicals No doubt about it, Samuel French offers some of Americas best-loved dramas. Heres just a brief sample: The Miracle WorkerAmadeusOne Flew Over the Cuckoos NestFencesSame Time, Next YearTalk RadioThe Odd Couple And the list could go on. Classic authors such as George Bernard Shaw, Eugene ONeill, and Arthur Miller have also found a home with Samuel French. Yet, the company is still cutting edge. Every month, new plays flock to their catalog and website. They also showcase winners from various writing competitions. If there is one drawback to Samuel French, it might be their website. Their search engine functions adequately; however, it is not easy to find their most popular plays. Consider typing in Tony Award into the search engine to find some of their more well-known selections. Also, they do not offer playwright profiles or script samples. Although many other play publishers have one-upped them in terms of website usability, Samuel French makes up for it by presenting an unparalleled catalog.

The Subculture Of Urban Space - 1566 Words

The subculture of lowriding has been a way for Mexican Americans to express themselves through their â€Å"tricked out† vehicles. It was, as journalist Ted West wrote, a way to â€Å"express the refusal of a young Chicano American to be Anglicized. There has never been a clearer case of the automobile being used as an ethnic statement.† Although there are preconceived notions of negativity such as gang involvement with lowriding, that notion is false, and shows how the lowrider community is misunderstood. However, lowriding isn’t as prevalent in America as it was back in the 70’s. Regardless it’s still thriving in the United States among other ethnicities and internationally for similar reasons it became huge in the U.S. The construction and presentation of lowriders are an outlet for artistic expression to redefine and challenge the assimilation of urban space. So what is a lowrider? Well a lowrider is a vehicle, preferably an American made one su ch as a Ford, Chevy, or General Motor from the 50’s to the mid 70’s that has a lowered chassis, hydraulic system, custom wheels (rims), narrow tires, cozy lush interior, elaborate and colorful paint job with designs or murals, and an overall streamlined exterior to stand out. (Chappell). There are many varying opinions on what constitutes a car as a lowrider, but these are the main components to officially label the car as one. As you can tell, these requirements are extremely particular, however these are the reasons why initiation intoShow MoreRelatedShedding Light on Gay Culture in New York in George Chauncey’s Gay New York Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World683 Words   |  3 PagesGeorge Chauncey’s Gay New York Gender, Urban Culture, and the Making of the Gay Male World 1890-1940, goes where no other historian had gone before, and that is into the world of homosexuality before World War II. 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The History of Mathematics-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: The History of Mathematics and How It Impacts On Our Mathematics Today. Answer: Introduction Philosophers have defined mathematics as the study of the relation between objects and their relations. The word objects in this context can range from a numerical quantity, structure, space or a change in the form of perception. However, there is a wide range of views being shared by mathematicians and philosophers on the prospect of the exact scope of the definition of the word mathematics. Researchers in the field of mathematics has been seeking out patterns in nature to find new conjectures to formulate (Chukwuyenum 2013). The researchers work for the resolving of the truth to find the falsity of the mathematical proofs. It has been found that the mathematical structures are a good procedural model for the explanation of the real phenomenon. The mathematical reasoning process can help in the provision of major insight in the prediction and prediction about the nature of the work. With the use of abstraction of theory and logical reasoning the development of the mathematical reaso ning helps in the development of the counting, calculative process and the measuring of the systematic study of the shapes as well as the motions of the physical objects in the nature (Chukwuyenum 2013). Practical use of the mathematics has been found to be of great use for the activity of the human nature. This has been in use as far as records exist in the nature. The research process followed for the topic is for the solving of the mathematical problems takes many years or in some cases centuries for the finding of the sustainable inquiry required for the proofing of the theory (Gargiulo et al. 2016). Mathematics has been used in various field of study with special inclusion in the field of engineering, medicine, natural science as well as in the field of finance and social sciences. In the modern aspect of mathematics, the form of applied mathematics has led to the development of major disciplines in the field (Bangu 2016). The disciplines developed are in the form of game theory and statistics. Mathematic researchers has been found to be engaged in the pure mathematics section without the application of the theory in their mind. There has been found to be no clear line between the application of pure mathematics and applied mathematics, and practical mathematical use for where the beginning of the pure mathematics is found. The history of mathematics can be seen in the form of an ever increasing series of abstractions (Bangu 2016). The first major abstraction, which had been found, was in the form of numbers. Most of the complex mathematical uses has not been found until later i n the year 3000 BC. This research report shows the study of the history of mathematics along with the advancement of mathematics in the modern world. The modern aspect of mathematical advancement has helped the students of the newer generation to understand the theoretical study of mathematics. This form of modern study has been slowly developed with the help of technology and has provided the modern world with a better understanding of the working procedure of the ancient theory of mathematics. Literature Review The discussion topic of the development of mathematics from the ancient time to the impact of the data developed on the modern aspect of the teaching method of mathematics. Kilpatrick (2014) stated that though mathematics has been taught to others and consecutively been researched by various mathematical geniuses for the understanding of the research. Babylonian students were taught to solve quadratic polynomials on clay tablets but no evidence has been found based on how much theory was taught to the students to make them understand the working of the quadratic problems. Kilpatrick (2014) also states that the Chinese ion the year 1115 BC were made to solve an arithmetic examination for the clearing of their civil service. In the fifth century Plato, a notable mathematician had taught one of his student that by squaring the sides of one of the square, the result was equivalent to the area of the square. Kilpatrick (2014) also discusses about the observation of the teaching of mathema tics over the centuries. Teaching of the theoretical mathematics has offered a reflection about the writing of textbooks developed around the teaching techniques based on the experience gathered from the teachings (Keeling et al. 2013). As the teachings of the students forwarded, they were able to teach at universities and colleges, which helped them to identify themselves as a mathematical scholar. Katz et al. (2014) says that though there has been a lot of research paper publication on the topic of science and education as a whole there has been found to be very small amount of publication in the field of mathematics. However, this has not dropped the interest of the mathematics and has continued their work based on the theory of implementation of mathematics in the modern world (Bartha, Aberdein and Editors 2013). There has been found to be research particularly in the history of mathematics and how it came into the world to be of the best quality (Aguirre and del Rosario Zavala 2013). Most of the papers that are now being published there has been the discussion about the philosophy of mathematics rather than the history of mathematics. Katz et al. (2014) also says that there has been signs for the use of the changing in the situations for a welcoming changes. The philosophy of mathematics allow a better view of the understanding of the theory of mathematics better than by un derstanding the history of mathematics (Aguirre and del Rosario Zavala 2013). The philosophy helps in learning mathematics in the form of basic nature of mathematics. Katz et al. (2014) also suggest that a focused study of the theory of mathematics can help any science educators to understand more about the working of mathematics in their own department. The paper emphasizes more on the history of mathematics with the emphasis over the years for the improvement of the flux (Bronshtein et al. 2015). The teaching of the mathematical ideas is based on the reporting of their experience using the history sharing with the students. Katz et al. (2014) also discusses about the considerations to be taken into concern are the raised theoretical questions about the teaching procedure of mathematics in the light of the domains history along with the consideration of the philosophy. Lovsz (2013) discusses about the implementation of historical values of mathematics in the form of theoretical knowledge to be implemented into the study of mathematics in the form of computer-aided technology. The author also discusses about the general study of the trends in mathematics. Lovsz (2013) says that there has been an exponential increase in the number of researches in the field of mathematics. It has been found that the number of researches increase by a number of 25 every year (Plass et al. 2013). This factor has brought up new possibilities in the research of the topic that there are no new topics for the researchers to study. Thus makes the additional problem of the preparation of future researchers in the field of mathematics. Lovsz (2013) also describes that there are new form of application, which has found new significance like the study of information technology and science. All areas of human research activity makes use of more and more mathematics for the helpi ng in the development of the more significant branch of study (Alpaslan, I?iksal and Haser 2014). This poses a problem for the students who are not able to relate the problem to the actual theoretical statement to apply for the finding of the solution. The development of new tools like computers and information technology poses visible new features that help in the introduction of computers in the education system (Kleiner 2013). However, would the problem be cleared easily with the use of these technologies for the teaching of the students in a more productive way? The new form of mathematical activity provides the best solution for all the problems stated by the author above. The development of algorithm and modelling techniques help in the writing and lecturing of the mathematical techniques and theories (Mosvold, Jakobsen and Jankvist 2014). Thus the problem arises as to which theories to teach the students and which one to wait for the understanding of the previous ones to proc eed with. Lovsz (2013) discusses that the mathematical researchers who are working on their theory would be relevant by browsing a number of new periodicals. The number of professional workshops and use of emails are increasing (Fallis 2013). There has been an increase in the number of multiple researchers, which shows that the mutual personal contact is not enough to provide sufficient amount of information to the researching community. Lovsz (2013) also says if there is an increasing complexity in the department of mathematics where the exposition style mathematics has not received any place in the domain of education. To implement a more expository style teaching there needs to be a heretical study. Eyyam and Yaratan (2014) discusses the use of technology in the classrooms for the teaching of the differ subjects to the students of the schools up to the point of them passing out from the university. The authors has conducted a study based on which he has said that there needs to be a better use of technology in the classrooms for the teaching of mathematics as well as other theoretical subjects (Linnebo 2013). The authors had taken the help of experimental groups for the investigation of the preferences and the attitudes of the students who were taught with the help of technology based instructions. The authors have found that when the technology is used in a positive manner for the teaching of the departmental theories, there has been found to be a positive view of the grasping of the knowledge skills by the students (Karp and Furinghetti 2016). The researchers found that the students had a positive outlook to the use of technology for their teaching. The authors in the journal have discussed the implications of the curriculum that was designed based in the teaching procedure. From the study of the above literature the following list of theme questions has been developed which are to be discussed for the complete understanding of the research topic: How does the impact of the history of mathematics affect the modern mathematical aspect? Theme 1: What is the historical specification of mathematics? Theme 2: What is the modern aspect of mathematics? Theme 3: What conclusion can be drawn from the historical specification and the modern aspect of mathematics? The literature studied for the paper shows the study based on the analysis of the history of mathematics (Gutirrez 2013). The advancement of mathematics slowly into the theories, which has been developed for the solving of much higher levels of mathematics, has helped in the slow but a steady advancement of the theoretical study. This has then been drawn into the modern day aspect of involving technology into the aspect of modern mathematics has helped for the students to study and grasp the theoretical values easily and with great interest (Statistics 2013). Thus, it can be concluded that the use of modern technology for the understanding of the historical mathematic theories and problems has helped a greater fold in todays advancement of teaching methodology of mathematics. Methodology There are two kinds of data collection procedure, which is followed in the development of research methodology. They are primary data collection and secondary data collection. Primary data collection is the process of collecting first hand data from real persons. The data is collected with the help of survey forms. The datas is to be collected by the researcher on his own (Brting and Pejlare 2015). The data is considered to be of the category of real time data and requires vigorous amount of time for the completion of the data collection procedure. The data is collected with the help of surveys, observations of environment, experiments conducted with the theory in mind, sharing of questionnaire and with the help of personal interview. The cost for the process of primary data collection has been considered to be of an expensive quality. The time for the collection of data is long term and is in a crude form. The data is in the most specific form in regards to the research topic though has a high level of accuracy (Oecd 2013). The secondary method of data collection is the process of analyzing of data that has already been collected by someone else beforehand. The data is of the past reference and no real data is used in this process. The process has been considered by the researchers to be of a quick and easy format. The data is collected from various government document publications, online websites, books, research journal articles and company related records and publications (Permuth and Dalzell 2013). The process is considered to be economical as the research can be done by the researcher on their own without the help of any other person. The time required for the collection of data is short, as the data has to be only searched from the online resources (Shclick and Torquato 2013). However, the research data collected from the resources may or may not be completely related to the research topic. The most important plus point of this method of data collection is that the data is in the cleanest form however, the data is of relatively less accuracy. Apart from the collection of data, there are two types of research methodology, which is followed, based on the data that has been collected. They are qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research is based on the explanation of the research topic (Boaler 2013). It is used for the understanding of the reasoning and motivations and for the provision of the insight into the problem topic and help in the development of the idea for the research methodology. Qualitative research helps in the uncovering of the trends in the opinions and the thoughts for the understanding of the research topic on a deeper level (Schlimm 2013). The data collection techniques in this process varies from an unstructured method to a semi structured methodology. The sample size taken for the research is relatively small and the participants are chosen in such a way so that they are able to fulfil the quota for the research topic. The next method of data understanding is the process of quan titative research. In this process, the researcher connects a vast amount of numerical data, which is then analyzed, with the help of analytical skills to draw upon a conclusion for the research topic (Rocca 2014). The data collection process is much more structured in this type of research methods. The data is collected with the help of online surveys and interviews from various participants by the researcher. For this research, the process of secondary data collection has been conducted due to the unavailability of any kind of numerical data. However, it has been found that there is a high abundance of theoretical research journals. This helped in the collection secondary data collection from the journals and make use of them in this research report. The process of qualitative research methodology is to be followed for the analysis of the data for the topic. This has been chosen because the amount of numerical information for the research topic is almost negligible. The topic chosen is much more of a research topic rather than a survey related topic. For a more deeper understanding of the research topic a thematic analysis has been done on the research topic. The following theme questions have been developed for the research based on the research topic of this project: Theme 1: Historical specification of mathematics Theme 2: The modern aspect of mathematics Theme 3: Conclusion from the historical specification and the modern aspect of mathematics The thematic analysis emphasizes on the pinpointing and then following the analysis of the pattern in the data that is to be collected from the data collection procedures (Panasuk and Horton 2012). The thematic analysis is conducted on the research journals with the help of six steps for the clearing of the research topic along with the pattern of the topic. With the help of thematic analysis the theoretical aspect of the research topic can be easily divided up and the analysis can be conducted easily. Discussion and Critical Analysis Theme 1: Kilpatrick (2014) says that mathematicians have used mathematical problems and theories in the field of research since long time. As the theories of the research topic was advancing periodically, there was a slow advancement of the theories and the proofs related to the theories already known. The proofs helped in the understanding of the knowledge used for the mathematical problems easily. Mathematics has often been chosen as a form of academic advancement filed where the researchers are able to work on the topic to understand their depth easily (Hodgson 2013). Kilpatrick (2014) observed that the countries of Europe where most of the students try to take up education in the form of science. This scenario has been considered to be equal to a preparatory seminar for the teachers and a medical schools for physicians. The author also found that the early researchers in the field of mathematics wanted to learn how mathematics was being done in the world (Carvalho and Dassie 2012). A ques tionnaire was shared among 100 mathematicians to understand how they were to work on their mathematics. The report on the survey was compiled into several journals and was published between the years 1905 to 1908. A commission was formed named International Commission on the Teaching of Mathematics (ICTM) by the Fourth International Congress of Mathematicians in Rome. The purpose of this commission was to look after the teaching standard of mathematics at school level in the world (Kilpatrick 2014). The researcher on requiring to make their field into a more of a scientific format worked on the making of an educational psychologist for the improvement of the natural science. Many of the mathematicians were looking for a field of science where they would be able to make use of science as a model (Panasuk and Bolinger 2013). A psychologist named Edward L. Thorndike did one of such education in the early years of the twentieth century. The study was conducted with the help of a control group and an experimental group. Thorndike was able to conclude that the experimental group had a problem with the judging of the size of rectangles to that of squares. This study proved that only theoretical study was not enough to make a student fully aware of the study and problem. Again Janet Barnett, Jerry Lodder and David Pengelley said that a long standing methodology has been in the teaching department of mathematics at the university level courses with the help of various framework for the various theoretical framework for the role of mathematical history (Kjeldsen and Blomhj 2012). The second portion of the study was the study of the secondary level school study of mathematics with the help of theoretical framework. Tinne Hoff Kjeldsen and Pernille Hviid Petersen conducted this. This helped in proving the students concept of images and reflection based on the concept of function rather than taking into concern the modern approach (Adams 2013). On a third level, the theoretical framework of the knowledge of mathematics was shown to the elementary level mathematics teachers and they were able to profit from the study of history of mathematics. Theme 2: Looking at the modern aspect of mathematical advancement it can be said that there is a high up rise of the number of researchers in the field of researchable mathematics. Lovsz (2013) shows that there is a rise of 50 researchers annually for the domain of mathematics. The author has found that there has been a rapid expansion in materials for study and a rapid downfall for time to be devoted for the teaching of mathematics (Sheffield 2013). This problem cannot be termed as a onetime crisis. The research in the field of mathematics are not showing any visible sign of slowing down. One of the best solution suggested by the author is to leave the recently found theories for the later stages of study so that the learned people to find the best solution for them can approach them (Mumma and Panza 2012). The other suggestion provided by the author is to remove the traditional curriculum for the traditional material that has been deemed as least important. One of the other solution, which can be followed, is to follow the best curriculum created based on the important portions of study material for the students (Gazit 2013). For a better systematic study of the ancient mathematics, which are to be taught at the basic levels, the author has suggested the use of modern technology along with the ancient learnings to provide the students with the help they are to require for the complete understanding of the theoretical approach of mathematics (Maloney, Schaeffer and Beilock 2013). Following the trend of Lovsz (2013), Eyyam and Yaratan (2014) suggest the use of technology in order to make the students understand the ancient theoretical aspect of the mathematics. This had been studied with the help of various students, which resulted in a positive result for the use of technology, by the teaching staff to make them understand the mathematical theories, which has been used for a long time. The authors used a method of quasi-experimental design (Vukovic et al. 2013). The method makes use of groups of people without the use of random pre selection. The experiment was conducted on seventh grade students and maths was taught to them in different format. New topics were taught to them to make the experiment equal for the students. The two groups were controlled group and experimental group. The experimental group was provided with technological aids for their study and the controlled group was made to study on their own. The controlled group was only provided with boo ks and notes (Plato 2013). The authors then used the research study to answer the question of the effect of technology on students when technology was used with the teaching procedure. The experimental students were not to provide with a negative feedback of the study procedure (Clark 2012). The technological teaching procedure helped in the advancement of the traditional method of teaching procedure. The results of the study conducted suggested that the students wanted to be in the class with the presence of technological use, which made them become more successful in class (Cellucci 2013). Theme 3: The main literature studied for this research study shows that every researcher has their own insight in the history of mathematics as well as the theoretical knowledge of the theories and its impact on the modern study of mathematics (Gutirrez 2013). The research is to help in the finding of the connection between the ancient teachings of the mathematician professors and the process in which modern students are being taught the same mathematical proofs with the help of technology. There is a small line of connection between the research of Kilpatrick (2014) and Katz et al. (2014). Lovsz (2013) and Eyyam and Yaratan (2014) talk mainly about the working of the mathematics in the modern day aspect. They talk about the use of technology to simplify the study of the ancient philosophers to make the students understand the logic behind the theory easily. Conclusions The entire study was focused on the concept of history of mathematics and the successive impact of the history of mathematics in the development of the modern mathematical theories. As cited from the study of the various research journals the authors have a positive feedback for the advancement of mathematics in the development of the modern mathematical calculations and problem solving theories. Mathematics has also helped in the advancement of various other fields of science. These other departments has been able to use the mathematical formulas developed in the field of applied mathematics. The use of technology in the field of mathematical teachings has prompted the students to show new kind of interest in the field of mathematics. The use of various audio video techniques for the teaching of the mathematical techniques to these students attract their attention faster than the use of normal books and written notes. The study has followed the objectives, which were set forward for the completion of this study. The thematic questions developed for the study has the inclusion of both the themes of the research topic: the history as well as the modern aspect of mathematics. The modern aspect of mathematics has followed the use of technology for the teaching and for the advancement in the technology as a part of the research topic. The history of mathematics is a vast one, but the consecutive research conducted on the topic has provided the readers with the ability of making the theories and the topics of research easy to understand by them. For the modern aspect of the study there is the inclusion of the use of technology to make the study of the mathematical theories easy for the students of the schools and universities. Recommendation 1: Based on the findings of the research material that the use of technology for the advancement of the mathematical theories and topics can be useful for the students to understand the advance theories easily and thus speed up the process of learning for them. Recommendation 2: For an improvement in the field of research, the researchers can make use of the available resources to make the study they are to conduct or are conducting more informative and attractive for the readers to gain their attention. The study has been limited to the study of very small amount of research journals because the topic of history of mathematics is not one to be taken up by any researcher easily. Latest research journals are not available in abundance. Moreover, the connection between the impacts of the history of mathematics on the modern theoretical approach of study had been hard to find. For the research, the conduction of a secondary analysis has been done and thus the data had to be analyses in a qualitative manner. For a further scope, in the study of this research topic it can be exploited in a larger amount with the study of various research journals, which has been published long time back. This would be able to provide better insight on the working theory pf the research topic. It would then be complete with the abundance of research data, which would be collected, with the help of secondary data collection and then a successful qualitative analysis is to be done on theat. Moreover, a comparative study of the two aspect of the research topic would help in the understanding of the various steps, which can be included in the research. References Adams, G. (2013) Women teachers experiences of learning mathematics, British Society for Research Into Learning Mathematics. Research in Mathematics Education, 15(1), p. 87. doi: 10.1080/14794802.2013.763607. Aguirre, J. M. and del Rosario Zavala, M. (2013) Making culturally responsive mathematics teaching explicit: A lesson analysis tool, Pedagogies, 8(2), pp. 163190. doi: 10.1080/1554480X.2013.768518. Alpaslan, M., I?iksal, M. and Haser, . (2014) Pre-service Mathematics Teachers Knowledge of History of Mathematics and Their Attitudes and Beliefs Towards Using History of Mathematics in Mathematics Education, Science and Education, 23(1), pp. 159183. doi: 10.1007/s11191-013-9650-1. Bangu, S. (2016) On the unreasonable effectiveness of mathematics in the natural sciences, in Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, pp. 1129. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-28163-6_2. Bartha, P., Aberdein, A. and Editors, I. J. D. (2013) The Argument of Mathematics, The Argument of Mathematics: Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6534-4. Boaler, J. (2013) Ability and Mathematics: The Mindset Revolution that Is Reshaping Education, FORUM: for promoting 3-19 comprehensive education, 55(1), pp. 143152. doi: 10.2304/forum.2013.55.1.143. Brting, K. and Pejlare, J. (2015) On the relations between historical epistemology and students conceptual developments in mathematics, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 89(2), pp. 251265. doi: 10.1007/s10649-015-9600-8. Bronshtein, I. N. et al. (2015) Handbook of mathematics, sixth edition, Handbook of Mathematics, Sixth Edition. doi: 10.1007/978-3-662-46221-8. Carvalho, J. B. P. and Dassie, B. A. (2012) The history of mathematics education in Brazil, Zdm, 44(4), pp. 499511. doi: 10.1007/s11858-012-0439-5. Cellucci, C. (2013) Philosophy of mathematics: Making a fresh start, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A, 44(1), pp. 3242. doi: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2012.09.002. Chukwuyenum, A. N. (2013) Impact of Critical thinking on Performance in Mathematics among Senior Secondary School Students in Lagos State, Journal of Research Method in Education, 3.5(5), pp. 1825. Clark, K. M. (2012) History of mathematics: Illuminating understanding of school mathematics concepts for prospective mathematics teachers, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 81(1), pp. 6784. doi: 10.1007/s10649-011-9361-y. Eyyam, R. and Yaratan, H.S., 2014. Impact of use of technology in mathematics lessons on student achievement and attitudes. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 42(1), pp.31S-42S. Fallis, A. . (2013) Handbook of the history of logic vol 8, Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004. Gargiulo, F. et al. (2016) The classical origin of modern mathematics, EPJ Data Science, 5(1). doi: 10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0088-y. Gazit, A. (2013) What do mathematics teachers and teacher trainees know about the history of mathematics?, International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 44(4), pp. 501512. doi: 10.1080/0020739X.2012.742151. Gutirrez, R. (2013) The Sociopolitical Turn in Mathematics Education, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 44(1), pp. 3768. doi: 10.5951/jresematheduc.44.1.0037. Gutirrez, R. (2013) Why (Urban) Mathematics Teachers Need Political Knowledge, Journal of Urban Mathematics Education, 6(2), pp. 719. Hodgson, G. (2013) On the Complexity of Economic Reality and the History of the use of Mathematics in Economics, Filosofa de la Economa, 1(1), pp. 2545. Karp, A. and Furinghetti, F. (2016) History of mathematics teaching and learning, The Proceedings of the 12th International Congress on Mathematical Education. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-31616-1. Katz, V.J., Jankvist, U.T., Fried, M.N. and Rowlands, S., 2014. Special issue on history and philosophy of mathematics in mathematics education. Science Education, 23(1), pp.1-6. Keeling, M. et al. (2013) The Mathematics of Vaccination, Mathematics Today, (February), pp. 4043. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0122-5. Kilpatrick, J. (2014) History of Research in Mathematics Education, in Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education, pp. 267272. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-4978-8. Kjeldsen, T. H. and Blomhj, M. (2012) Beyond motivation: History as a method for learning meta-discursive rules in mathematics, Educational Studies in Mathematics, 80(3), pp. 327349. doi: 10.1007/s10649-011-9352-z. Kleiner, I. (2013) Excursions in the history of mathematics, Excursions in the History of Mathematics. doi: 10.1007/978-0-8176-8268-2. Linnebo, . (2013) Platonism in the Philosophy of Mathematics, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2679-4. Lovsz, L., 2013, December. Trends in mathematics: How they could change education. In Notices of the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians (Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 79-84). International Press of Boston. Maloney, E. A., Schaeffer, M. W. and Beilock, S. L. (2013) Mathematics anxiety and stereotype threat: Shared mechanisms, negative consequences and promising interventions, Research in Mathematics Education, 15(2), pp. 115128. doi: 10.1080/14794802.2013.797744. Mosvold, R., Jakobsen, A. and Jankvist, U. (2014) How Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching May Profit from the Study of History of Mathematics, Science Education, 23(1), pp. 4760. doi: 10.1007/s11191-013-9612-7. Mumma, J. and Panza, M. (2012) Diagrams in mathematics: History and philosophy, Synthese, pp. 15. doi: 10.1007/s11229-011-9988-3. Oecd (2013) PISA 2015 Draft Mathematics Framework, Oecd, (March 2013), p. 52. doi: 10.1177/0022146512469014. Panasuk, R. M. and Bolinger Horton, L. (2013) Integrating History of Mathematics into the Classroom: Was Aristotle Wrong?, Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 2(2), pp. 3746. doi: 10.5430/jct.v2n2p37. Panasuk, R. M. and Horton, L. B. (2012) Integrating history of mathematics into curriculum: What are the chances and constraints?, International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 7(1), pp. 320. Permuth, S. and Dalzell, N. (2013) Driven by history: Mathematics education reform, International Journal of Educational Reform, 22(3), pp. 235251. Available at: https://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=15sid=58f24c2f-3408-4893-892e-faa4e9852c50%40sessionmgr4007. Plass, J. L. et al. (2013) The impact of individual, competitive, and collaborative mathematics game play on learning, performance, and motivation., Journal of Educational Psychology, 105(4), pp. 10501066. doi: 10.1037/a0032688. Plato, J. (2013) Kurt Gdel and the Foundations of Mathematics: Horizons of Truth, Mathematical Intelligencer, 35(2), pp. 7073. doi: 10.1007/s00283-012-9359-z. Rocca, C. F. (2014) Mathematics in the History of Cryptography, Cryptologia, 38(3), pp. 232243. doi: 10.1080/01611194.2014.915254. Schlimm, D. (2013) Conceptual metaphors and mathematical practice: On cognitive studies of historical developments in mathematics, Topics in Cognitive Science, 5(2), pp. 283298. doi: 10.1111/tops.12018. Shclick, T. and Torquato, S. (2013) Interdisciplinary Applied Mathematics, Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2013.03.019. Sheffield, L. J. (2013) Creativity and school mathematics: Some modest observations, ZDM - International Journal on Mathematics Education, pp. 325332. doi: 10.1007/s11858-013-0484-8. Statistics, N. C. for E. (2013) A first look: 2013 mathematics and reading, National Assessment Of Educational Progress At Grades 4 And 8, pp. 112. doi: NCES 2014-451. Vukovic, R. K. et al. (2013) Mathematics anxiety in young children: Concurrent and longitudinal associations with mathematical performance, Contemporary Educational Psychology, 38(1), pp. 110. doi: 10.1016/j.cedpsych.2012.09.001.von

The Conscience of a Liberal

The Way We Were Krugman starts by describing a period of many protests in the 1950s and 1960s (3). He describes it as a period of transition from economic disparity before World War II to a period of economic equality after World War II. Krugman attributes New Deal policies implemented during Roosevelt’s administration to having created the middle class. Thereafter, he develops the theory of movement conservatism that he argues led to the collapse of the New Deal policies.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Conscience of a Liberal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Krugman describes movement conservatism as a radical force aimed to repeal the New Deal policies. This force is possessed by the Republican Party and its sole purpose is to bring back the economic inequality experience before World War II. He explains its evolution from the time of Reagan’s presidency. He also writes that, contrary to popular belief, political order is not established by economic patterns. On the contrary, political developments lead these economic trends. He writes that the Republican Party has shifted significantly to the right while the Democratic Party has remained unchanged since the period of Roosevelt. He ends the chapter by stating that Americans have had enough in terms of movement conservatism and income inequality. The Long Gilded Age Krugman in an effort to demonstrate common inequalities in income starts by comparing the America before New Deal policies and the era of President George Bush. He then describes the ‘Long Gilded Age’ era as the time from 1870 to 1930 (15). It was a period of prolonged economic inequality. He attributes the voting rights for the upper class, Republican Party dominance and election fraud as reasons for the prolonged inequality. He also suggests that racial and cultural tensions prevented people from ganging up to overcome the inequality. Thes e racial tensions were mainly between the predominant white and the Africa America black community. Likewise, the common belief that popular opinions could be facts only added to the reasons. However, in spite of the lack of approval from the government, some states began to carry out laws on pension for retirees. The implementation was however slow and small. The Great Depression had to happen for massive changes to take place. The Great Compression Krugman describes The Great Compression as a period between the 1920s and 1950s (37). It is a time when economic inequality in America significantly narrowed. In this chapter, he gives the reason for the decline in economic inequality. Due to taxes, the buying power of the upper class significantly reduced from 1920s. By 1960s, their income was taxed at 90%. The economy continued to grow and did not collapse as many conservatives had expected. This could be attributed to the emergence of middle class who were experiencing a sporadic inc rease in purchasing power. Good salaries for the middle class increased their purchasing power. Similarly, better social welfare benefits also contributed to increased purchasing power.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These benefits formed part of the New Deal policies. They included health care benefits, unemployment insurance programs as well as retirement benefits. The benefits came about as a result of government bipartisanship and unionized labor. As an example, Krugman suggest how easy and popular it became to own a car to illustrate this decrease in inequality. The rise of middle class was also aided by Eisenhower’s interstate highways. The highway system provided the middle class with a means to use their cars. The Politics of the Welfare State In this chapter, Krugman gives reasons for the eventual change to a welfare nation (57). The main reason was the rise of the Democratic Party to power. One of the factors that led to the rise of the party was the naturalization of mostly democrat immigrants. They were now able to vote. The Southerners also were attracted by the potential benefits associated with a welfare nation. The labor unions also played a big role to the rise of the Democratic Party. They provide the much needed structure, financing and mobilization in the party. Through the unions, the Democratic Party mobilized the mainly middle class to go out and vote. However, Republicans were still able to gain votes from the middle class since the economic policies of both parties at the time were almost the same. The Sixties: A Troubled Prosperity In this chapter, Krugman contrasts the rising sociopolitical unrest with the increasing economic prosperity of America in the 1960s (79). He specifically discusses â€Å"the explosion of crime, Vietnam, the civil rights movement, the growing welfare rolls, and the 1960s counter culture † (Krugman 79). In regard to counter culture, the social injustice in terms of police brutality and racial inequality against the African-Americans made them to act violently. However, the middle class continued to grow in spite of these social unrests. Social benefits such as health care, disability cover and unemployment cover were also available. Finally, Krugman disputes the popular belief that the Democrats were killed by Vietnam and suggests that it was in fact movement conservatism that killed the Democrats. He states that it was in the 1950s that â€Å"intellectual† movement conservatism started but it only matured in the 1960s. It was at this time however that movement conservatism as well as neoconservatives got the idea of how well to exploit the social unrest to their advantage. Movement Conservatism According to Krugman, William Buckley headed well financed group of conservatives that lobbied for movement conservatism (101). Their objectives included among others, the continued disenfranchisement of the African-Americans. Movement conservatism grew because of several factors.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Conscience of a Liberal specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, there was the paranoia associated with communism which many Americans thought should be eliminated rather than being contained. Secondly, mid-sized business owners who were against increased benefits for employees also supported movement conservatism. The neoconservatives also supported movement conservatism. Many economists were against the involvement of the government in economic affairs. They lobbied for the government to be separated from economics. Similarly, sociologists joined them as they opposed liberal ideology. Both the economists and the sociologists were well funded by conservatives. Conservatives later founded conservative-minded organizations to fund and spread their ideolo gies. Advancement was however slowed down by the election of Richard Nixon, a Democrat, as president. Nevertheless, the movement still remained active mostly due to issues concerning foreign affairs as well as economic crisis that were prevalent then. The Great Divergence In this chapter, Krugman starts by joining major debate that is common among economists (124). The debate is on whether most Americans are at a better financial position since the end of the economic boom in 1973. He analyzes both sides without taking a position. First, he acknowledges that Americans are experiencing a period of great prosperity. In spite of this, he argues that the median income has significantly deteriorated for each American. The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. He attributes this to the decline of unions in the workplace which has led to stagnation of increases in wages and benefits for workers. The Politics of Inequality This chapter explains the reasons for the partisa n divide between Democrats and Republicans. Krugman demonstrates this divide in the actions of both parties; Democrats increase taxation of the rich and the Republicans decrease taxation of the rich (153). Krugman attributes this inequality to radicalization of Republicans through movement conservatism. Republicans are now constantly seeking to revoke New Deal policies. However, the Democrats have not displayed any radical acts on their part. The Republicans’ radical forces are therefore responsible for that bipartisanship.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nowadays, by various foundations are busy funding Republicans to radicalize them to the point of extremism. These foundations fund campaigns, take up influential positions in government, and publicly scrutinize anti-radicals. They also fund radical media campaigns to entrench their ideas in the minds of the general public. According to Krugman, bipartisanship has now become a norm though it is still unclear what caused it. Weapons of Mass Distraction In this chapter, Krugman talks about the voting microeconomics (173). He also argues that, contrary to popular belief, the GOP has not duped voters. Krugman thinks the utility to vote must be greater than the utility to not vote for a voter to actually vote. This utility cannot be shifted by the campaigning of the political candidates. He also argues that the American voters have been divided by economic class and race more than they have been divided by religion and war. The patriotism and vote blocking have also shifted the way people vote. Similarly, the rise of immigrants unable to vote and the evolution of Christian evangelical neoconservatives also shifted voter support. The New Politics of Equality In this chapter, Krugman starts by looking at the Democratic House and Senate victories in 2006 (198). He posses several questions to the reader as to what this would mean. Would it mean an end to the economic inequality? However, he is of the idea that it is not likely. He also argues that movement conservatism will decline. First, the current global economic crisis has led to increased calls for government intervention in the economy. Secondly, reforms in health care can be introduced back. Lastly, national security issues and Iraq have lowered the credibility of conservatives. The general public is therefore not easily distracted or persuaded by them. On the issue of national security, Krugman acknowledges that it is still a future policy maker. In the past, conservative Republicans have portrayed themselves a s being tough on issues concerning national security. However, this is unlikely to help conservatives push forward their agenda because on previous mishandling of the war in Iraq. Mistakes such as insufficient funding of the war due to tax decrements for the rich, massive misappropriation of funds have destroyed the credibility of conservatives. Lastly, the race strategy is no longer a strong one. Krugman argues America is becoming more Hispanic and less white. It is not easy to racially discriminate against African Americans without discriminating against people who are mostly of Hispanic ancestry. The Health Care Imperative Krugman starts by discussing the moral ethics of guaranteed health care for the unhealthy at the expense of the healthy (214). He asks whether it is right for the healthy and those able to pay for their health care to be burdened with other people’s inabilities. Using various polls, he concludes that this is morally right. Furthermore, he writes that â⠂¬Å"a guaranteed national health care program is supported by majority of Americans† (Krugman 214). Movement conservatives know this but do not want to acknowledge publicly that what they think, that is, universal health care should not be for everyone. Instead, they say that there is no health care problem and go further to suggest that universal health care will reduce the quality of health care. In their arguments, they also think it will limit the choice of an individual to health care. They also claim it is uneconomical and impossible to implement. These arguments, Krugman argues, are just another way of lobbying for economic inequality within the health care system. Confronting Inequality Solutions to economic inequality are discussed in this chapter (244). Krugman states that inequality deprives the middle and lower class off economic progress. Similarly, these people are not able to realize the American dream. As a consequence, politics and society are negatively affec ted. Inequalities in wages lead to social inequality. The rich live extravagantly and become richer while the poor grow poorer. In an attempt to mimic the rich, the middle class take up loans to finance basic needs. They are however unable to repay and consequently end up bankrupt. Likewise, political funding to support the ideology of movement conservatism will increase. Lastly, the bonds of society are usually broken by inequality. Krugman divides inequality of income into two forms. These include disposable income inequality and market inequality. The government generates taxes from market inequalities. The inequality of income after taxes represents inequality of disposable income. One possible solution that Krugman suggests is the redistribution of bigger portion of income from taxes. This would mean to revise existing policies on tax. Particularly, he suggests reducing the tax cuts for the upper class. Krugman suggests a more elaborate taxation program is needed. This program will be used to generate enough money to fund all the welfare programs. However, the program should be devoid of any loophole. Similarly, the government must take measure to reduce inequality. Increasing minimum is one of the ways it can do that. Lastly, unionization can also offer a solution. Unions would advocate for workers rights on wages and also mobilize members to be politically conscious. The Conscience of a Liberal At the last chapter of the book, Krugman concludes his argument by logically proving an interesting paradox (265). The paradox is that Democrats, while trying to preserve history that Republicans are trying to destroy, have become conservatives while Republicans have become more radical. However, he is of the idea the two should be integrated, that is, he makes a call to be both conservative and progressive. This simply means to be liberal. Krugman argues liberal is the way to go. A liberal approach will ensure completion of the New Deal as well as the progessive forward movement of the New Deal. Works Cited Krugman, Paul. The Conscience of a Liberal. 1st ed. New York: WW Norton Company, 2009. Print. This assessment on The Conscience of a Liberal was written and submitted by user Andrea Whitehead to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay Essays

An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay Essays An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay Paper An Interpretation of Horace’s Art of Poetry Essay Paper The epistle from Horace’s Art of Poetry was non simply a usher for good literature. but it was a sophisticated authorship that displayed his rules and wisdom. and the modern-day Hellenistic influence on the Romans. Horace’s profound work clearly asserted his place as a literary maestro. Throughout his missive to Piso. he was able to do his description interesting and account convincing. He exhibited his expertness in literature by showing elaborate guidelines to compose proficiently. Among his suggestions. he stressed preciseness. good iambic lines. and proper literary manners and formats. He besides emphasized on the importance to endeavor for integrity. as the authorship would lose strength without coherency. If he were non a maestro at literature. he would non be able to discourse the proficient inside informations in deepness. Furthermore. Horace was non merely a adult male with distinguished accomplishments. but he was besides a adult male with great rules. With many people hankering for success. he described Rome as â€Å"a state greedy merely for fame† ( 129 ) . He criticized the Romans for being indulgent and mercenary. Since everybody was so captive in gaining money. he asked. â€Å"what poems can we anticipate to compose deserving surfacing with protective oils and hive awaying in all right wood? † ( 129 ) . To Horace. money was non the primary motive to prosecute his composing calling. and that explained why Horace rejected Augustus’s offer to go his secretary. which was an honest place for a freed adult male. With his great virtuousnesss and ethical motives. Horace was doubtless one of the best poets in the Roman Empire. Horace’s Hagiographas revealed the dominant Hellenic influence. They were facile and extremely rational. much nearer to that of the scholarly Grecian authors of the Hellenistic period. He showed that he possessed deep cognition of the Grecian literature. since he frequently referred to Greek authors and to their dramas. In his missive to Piso. he used Homer’s Odyssey as an illustration of great literature. â€Å"Make your theoretical accounts Greek. † as Horace declared. â€Å"and turn their pages every night ; turn them daily too† ( 127 ) . This indicated his fancy of the Grecian theoretical accounts. In add-on. he mentioned that poets â€Å" [ Sung ] about Italian subjects in calamities and comedies attired in Roman clothes† ( 128 ) . Obviously. Hellenism had impacted non merely Horace. but besides the modern-day poets. By detecting how Hellenism had revolutionized the theoretical thought of the poet of Rome. one can reason that the impact of Hell enism was unimpeachably outstanding. Horace’s work of art demonstrated his expertness in composing. every bit good as the Hellenistic influence on Roman authors. Horace declared. â€Å"To flee frailty is the beginning of virtuousness. and to hold got rid of folly is the beginning of wisdom. † And Horace’s wisdom had presented new penetrations to the ancient Roman Empire. In analyzing Horace’s polished Hagiographas and distinguished qualities. bookmans can farther look into how Grecian civilization had increasingly integrated itself to the ancient Roman’s lives. J. Atchity. Kennedy. The Classical Roman Reader. New York: Oxford University Press. 1997

Australias Involvement in the Vietnam War essays

Australia's Involvement in the Vietnam War essays The origins of the Vietnam War lie in the post World War II period when the European empires were being dismantled. The region which is now Vietnam was then part of Indo-China, part of the French empire. Revolutionary leader Ho Chi Minh had led a national liberation struggle against wartime Japanese occupation (and the French colonialists) from 1941. With military and financial support from communist China, the Viet Minh made substantial gains, roundly defeating the French at Dien Bien Phu in 1954. Vietnam temporarily partitioned into North and South pending the outcome of peace talks. The peace talks broke down, but the struggle continued. The United States had been involved from the beginning, providing military advisors and financial assistance from the end of World War II. By 1954 they were paying for 80% of the cost of the French effort. American involvement was formalised and strengthened. Following the Gulf of Tonkin incident when US destroyers were fired upon by North Korean patrol boats, Congress authorised President Johnson to use all necessary measures to repel any armed attack on 7 August 1964. This resulted in increased bombing raids and, more significantly, an expansion of ground forces, from 23 000 in December 1964, to 316 400 by October 1966. Australias involvement began in 1962 when, in response to a request from the government of South Vietnam, Australia sent 30 military advisers to train and improve the effectiveness of South Vietnams Army. By 1965 this had been increased to 100 advisors plus six transport aircraft. That year, after a further request from the South Vietnamese Government, Prime Minister Robert Menzies decided to send a battalion of ground troops to provide support in South Vietnam. According to Menzies statement of April 29 1965, The takeover of South Vietnam would be a direct military threat to Australia and to all the countries of South and South-Eas...

The Power of Art - Turner (complete episode) Essay

The Power of Art - Turner (complete episode) - Essay Example Turner was an outstanding romantic painter. Lewis & Lewis (2008) approve of the explicable way in which Turner presented his romantic art by describing the Slave Ship image as an ultimate romantic scene of wild beauty mixed with horror. The most interesting part about the artistic image is how Turner has managed to show both the destruction brought about by nature and the greed and fear of humans in one picture. The sad part about the art is how the slaves sink helplessly in the waters. This is indeed a remarkable piece of art work. Turner used this gift to explain to the world what was going on around them and perhaps aimed to achieve change from it. It is interesting how Turner walked with his unwashed hands as a symbol of professional pride. â€Å"Sculptors find deep satisfaction in plunging their hands into wet clay and manipulating it† (Lewis & Lewis 2008). Similarly, as a profound artist Turner converted his hands to brushes so that one his critics complained of his perpetual need to be extraordinary. But this was who he is, walking with dirty hands could easily make someone mistake him for a farmer when on the contrary he seemed to view himself as a professional artist. This alone evokes a humorous relief. Turners turn towards abstraction portrayed the beauty in his work. Stickland & Boswell (2007) talks of the gradual abstraction in Turners work in his attempts to make color alone inspire feelings. A good example of such art is his picture, Crossing the Brook, which has a blinding effect of the sun at its background. Evident by this picture, Turner painted nature at its raw, a visually captivating landscape that that could speak out the culture in it for itself. He must surely have put the sun itself into his paintings as most people said. While his critics thought he had recklessly disregarded the rules of art, the much supposed recklessness were the basis of his triumph in the field of art. Turners erotica was meant